Question: What is a Pharisee?

• Shameful
• Hypocrite
• Scribes
• Shy hypocrite
• Lawyer

Secluded, a group of people who played a simple but important role within the Judaism of Jesus' time. Usually they were artisans, who asked the ordinary people in the village for advice and whom they also applied to Rabbi. These Pharisees knew the biblical legislation very well and kept it tight.

Origin of the Rabbis, legalistic, emphasis on learning Torah. (including oral Torah)

Important spiritual leaders of the Jewish people in the time of Jesus.

A Pharisee (the translated meaning = "set apart") was a Jewish religious movement, a political party and social movement [1] during the period of the so-called "Second Temple" from the period of the dynasty of the Hasmoneans (140 - 37 BC) during the rise of the Maccabean uprising.

Second Temple (What is the second temple?) = The second temple would be completed on 12 March 515 BC. (alternative: 418 BC on completion during the reign of Darius II), after which the temple service could be resumed with his offerings. The book of Ezra states that this temple was much more modest than that of Solomon and even cried when one thought of the beautiful temple of yesteryear. There would, however, be other important differences with the previous temple:

• A less exposed but essential difference with the first temple was that no Ark of the Covenant was present anymore. The Ark was lost during the Babylonian destruction. Because of this the annual ritual by the high priest of reconciling the sins of the people during the Day of Atonement could no longer be fulfilled.

• There was no independent Jewish government under a member of the House of David more about Jerusalem and sometimes the various foreign rulers interfered with the temple service. In succession, the Persians, the Greeks (after the conquests by Alexander the Great, who according to Flavius ​​Josephus himself visited the temple) and the Romans there made the service.

• The high priest was not always someone from the house of Aaron, although according to the Torah this is obligatory.

Because of the repeated interference of the foreign rulers in the Jewish religion, there were often revolts in the following centuries. Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the king of the Hellenistic Seleucids, demanded in 168 BC after such an uprising. the temple for the service to Zeus and had pigs slaughtered there. A greater insult to the Jewish religion is almost inconceivable and this was the reason for the Maccabean revolt (167 BC), which ultimately led to a short period of independence under the house of the Hasmoneans. Already in the first years of this uprising Judas the Maccabee captured the temple on the Seleucids. The temple was cleansed and re-initiated (164 BC). Today, this event is still remembered among Jews at the Chechen party.

The period of dysnastia = The dynasty of the Hasmoneans ruled Judea from the Maccabean uprising in 167 BC. to 37 BC. For a large part of this period, the Hasmoneans ruled over an independent Jewish kingdom ("the Hasmonean empire"). In 63 BC. however, Judea became a vassal state of Rome. In 37 BC. the political rule of the Hasmoneans came to an end. In the years that followed, the Herodian dynasty would rule over the Jewish country. Although some priests were Pharisees, the party consisted mainly of laymen. Few Pharisees were socially or financially important. They were astute interpreters of the (Mosaic) law and kept themselves very strict. They also had specific traditions, some of which made the law stricter, others actually weakened the law. They believed in the resurrection. Their attitude towards Herod, the Herodians and Rome is difficult to establish and was probably not unambiguous. [2] Flavius ​​Josephus wrote that at the time of Herod there were about 6,000 Pharisees